The Federal Reserve Board (FRB) and Federal Trade Commission (FTC) issued a final rule on July 6, 2011 requiring creditors to provide additional information in adverse action notices if a credit score is used in making the credit decision. The new rule is effective 30 days from its publication in the Federal Register, which is expected shortly.
The Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) requires creditors taking adverse action based on a consumer report to provide an adverse action notice containing the name of the credit reporting agency, notice of the consumer's right to request a free credit report and notice of the consumer's right to dispute the accuracy of the report's content. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act (ECOA) requires creditors to provide consumers with the specific reasons for a denial, or a notice informing a consumer of the action taken and his or her right to request a statement of specific reasons from the creditor.
In accordance with the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Dodd-Frank), the FRB and FTC rule revises model forms contained in Regulation B, which satisfy adverse action notice requirements under both FCRA and ECOA. Specifically, Dodd-Frank requires notices issued under FCRA to disclose the credit score used in taking the action and additional information relating to the score.
If a credit score is used in taking any adverse action, in addition to the previously required disclosures, the creditor must also provide:
* The numerical score used;
* The range of possible scores under the model used;
* Key factors that adversely affected the score;
* The date on which the score was created; and
* The name of the person or entity that provided the score.
Recognizing that creditors may use a consumer report but not an actual score in taking action, the rule provides that if no credit score is used in making the decision, then no score or related information needs to be included in the Notice of Adverse Action.
The FCRA requirement to provide the credit score and additional information is independent from the ECOA requirement to provide specific reasons for the action. Thus, where creditors opt to provide Borrower's with a Notice of Adverse Action taken and a notice of the Borrower's right to request specific reasons for the denial, the credit score and related information must also be included. It is not permissible to wait until a Borrower exercises his or her right to request specific reasons for the credit denial to provide the score used, if any, and additional information.
The rule specifies that providing the credit score and additional information, specifically the key factors adversely affecting the score, does not satisfy the requirement to provide specific reasons for the adverse action under ECOA. Although the key factors adversely affecting a credit score and the specific reasons for the action may certainly be related, the FRB believes that disclosure of both the key factors and specific reasons are necessary. Despite the existence of a particular score adversely affected by the key factors disclosed, an adverse action may be based on reasons unrelated to the score, such as the consumer's income, employment or residency.
For the purposes of this rule, a "credit score" includes a proprietary score developed by creditors if the score is used to predict the likelihood of certain credit behaviors, including default. Some proprietary scores, such as insurance scores or scores used to predict the likelihood of false identity are excluded from the definition of "credit score."
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